Activación de vías redox en respuesta a cargas únicas de ejercicio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/rcefod15.1-26Abstract
La actividad física insuficiente se asocia con el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Promover la práctica de ejercicio se vuelve una estrategia importante para contribuir en su prevención y tratamiento. Las reacciones redox se presentan como parte de la respuesta metabólica al ejercicio. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática en seis bases de datos con el objetivo de identificar estudios que reportaran biomarcadores redox asociadas con el ejercicio. Se localizaron nueve publicaciones de los últimos 10 años, en idioma inglés, que cumplían con los criterios de elegibilidad (estudios originales, en humanos, que incluyeran mecanismos/biomarcadores redox). La mayoría de los biomarcadores reportados fueron proteínas y ARNm, analizados en sangre y músculo. Los cambios en dichos marcadores se observaron mayormente dentro de las tres primeras horas después de cargas únicas de ejercicio físico. Individuos con actividad sedentaria, obesidad o de edad mayor a los 50 años, mostraron mayores niveles de productos de oxidación después de la carga de ejercicio que sujetos entrenados, activos o de menor edad. Los estudios sugieren que en sujetos entrenados se requiere valorar los cambios en biomarcadores redox mínimo a las 3 horas post-carga para detectar diferencias en las respuestas, las cuales son mayores después de cargas de duración larga e intensa. El estudio de cambios en biomarcadores redox ante ejercicio físico contribuye a una mayor comprensión de la respuesta fisiológica generada. Esto sería de utilidad para ajustar el entrenamiento para promover los beneficios del ejercicio y prevenir el potencial daño de un estrés oxidativo crónico.
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