Validación del SMHAT-1 en Futbolistas Chilenos: Análisis Psicométrico y Cultural
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/rce-fod.v21i2.177Palabras clave:
salud mental, psicometría, evaluación deportiva, alto rendimiento, factores culturalesResumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la primera parte del Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 (SMHAT-1) en una muestra de futbolistas chilenos de alto rendimiento, considerando tanto su estructura psicométrica como posibles particularidades culturales en la interpretación de sus ítems. Se utilizó un diseño instrumental longitudinal con evaluación test–retest en dos momentos de la temporada competitiva. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios para examinar la estructura del instrumento, obteniéndose indicadores adecuados de consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. La validez concurrente se evaluó mediante correlaciones con el DASS-21, evidenciando asociaciones significativas con medidas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. Los resultados factoriales respaldaron modelos unidimensionales y bifactoriales tras analizar el comportamiento diferencial de algunos ítems. Asimismo, se identificaron implicaciones culturales relevantes en la normalización del consumo de alcohol y otras conductas de riesgo en el contexto deportivo, lo que podría influir en la respuesta a determinados reactivos. En conjunto, los hallazgos respaldan la utilidad del SMHAT-1 como herramienta de cribado psicológico en contextos deportivos latinoamericanos y subrayan la importancia de adaptar instrumentos de evaluación al entorno sociocultural específico de los deportistas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Abdón Gallardo, Cynthia Ossa, Eliot Cárdenas, René Rubio, Gonzalo Guerra, Wilson Ferrada, Luis Maya, Valentina Molina-Fuentealba, Patricio Carvajal-Paredes
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