Trayectorias Longitudinales de Composición Corporal y Presión Arterial en Trabajadores Universitarios: Un Análisis de Modelos Mixtos Lineales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/rce-fod.v21i1.183Palabras clave:
salud ocupacional, modelos mixtos lineales, presión arterial sistólica, masa grasa, trayectorias longitudinalesResumen
Propósito. Determinar si las trayectorias longitudinales del porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG) predicen cambios en la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) en trabajadores universitarios de mediana edad, y cuantificar la variabilidad entre e intra-individual en ambos marcadores mediante modelos mixtos lineales (LMM).
Métodos. Diseño longitudinal observacional con 50 trabajadores de la Universidad Veracruzana evaluados en ocho visitas (143 observaciones para PAS; 156 para %MG). La composición corporal se evaluó por bioimpedancia eléctrica y la PAS mediante esfigmomanometría automática estandarizada. Se ajustaron dos LMM con interceptos aleatorios por sujeto y tiempo modelado como factor ordenado con contrastes polinómicos (lme4, lmerTest), con valores p calculados por aproximación de Satterthwaite.
Resultados. La PAS mostró alta estabilidad intra-individual (R² condicional = 0.732; R² marginal = 0.048), sin cambios longitudinales significativos (β = 0.93, IC 95% [−9.21, 11.07], p = .856). El %MG no predijo la PAS (β = 0.29 mmHg por 1%, IC 95% [−0.12, 0.70], p = .161). El %MG tampoco mostró cambio longitudinal significativo tras controlar por edad y sexo (p = .255); el sexo fue el único predictor fijo significativo (β = 8.85% mayor en mujeres, IC 95% [3.87, 13.82], p < .001).
Conclusiones. La PAS exhibe marcada estabilidad entre sujetos (~72% de la varianza) y no responde a fluctuaciones concurrentes %MG. Esto sugiere un componente estructural vascular acumulado que restringe la plasticidad hemodinámica, e indica que los programas de bienestar laboral deben incorporar marcadores de rigidez arterial y ventanas temporales prolongadas para el beneficio cardiovascular.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Carlos Manuel Chacón-Rodríguez, Edith Arlahe Perez-García, Giovani Camacho-Tristán, Ricardo Ochoa-Torres, Pablo Tadeo Ríos-Gallardo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
