Errata and retraction policy

1. Errata Notice (Erratum)
Starting in June 2026, an erratum notice will be published when it is necessary to correct an error or omission in editing, design, or production that is directly attributable to the journal and is detected after publication. This procedure will apply as long as the error does not compromise the integrity or scientific validity of the article, but if omitted, could affect its proper bibliographic registration, the traceability of the document, or the reputation of the authors and the journal.
The procedure for issuing erratums will follow these guidelines:
The original article in its digital version will be corrected.
A note will be added at the end of the original article referencing the erratum notice.
A separate erratum document will be published, clearly linked to the corrected version.
This erratum document will be paginated and will have its own DOI number.
2. Author Corrections (Corrigendum)
A correction notice (corrigendum) will be published when the authors themselves detect an unintentional error or omission after the formal publication of the article, provided that this error does not invalidate the results, conclusions, or methodological rigor of the research (for example: a typographical error in an author's name that was not detected in the proof review, a minor inaccuracy in the labeling of a graph, or incorrect data in a secondary table).
The procedure for submitting a correction is as follows:
Authors must send a formal request to the Editor-in-Chief detailing the error and the exact proposed correction.
Once evaluated and approved by the Editorial Team, a correction note signed by the authors will be published separately, paginated, and with its own DOI.
A bidirectional link will be maintained on the digital platform between the original article and the correction note.
3. Manuscript Withdrawal (Before Publication)
An article may be withdrawn from the editorial process at any time before its formal publication (i.e., before it is assigned a final volume, issue number, and page numbers).
At the author's request: The corresponding author must send a letter signed by all co-authors to the Editorial Team, formally justifying the reasons for withdrawal.
At the editorial decision: The Editorial Team will halt the process and withdraw the manuscript if violations of ethical guidelines are detected before publication, such as simultaneous multiple submissions, duplication, improper attribution of authorship, or clear indications of plagiarism.
4. Retractions (Retraction - After Publication)
Retraction applies exclusively to articles that have already been formally published, in which serious ethical lapses or irreparable methodological errors are demonstrated that completely invalidate the study's conclusions (such as confirmed plagiarism, manipulation or fraudulent fabrication of data, or redundant publication).
To safeguard the historical record of science and comply with COPE's international guidelines, the retraction procedure will be as follows:
An official, paginated retraction notice with its own DOI will be published, in which the Editorial Team will objectively detail the reasons for the decision.
The original article's PDF file will not be deleted; instead, the original document on the platform will be replaced by a version that will bear an indelible watermark with the word "RETRACTED" on every page, and the retraction notice will be appended to the beginning of the document for complete transparency within the scientific community.